by Esteban Tapella
Over the last fifteen years, public discourse on development policies and programmes has emphasised the need to reinforce the leading role of civil society in the interventions that implicate them. Increasingly, concepts such as ‘participation’, ‘accompaniment’ and ‘stakeholder perspective’ are heard.
This trend can also be detected in the field of evaluation, in approaches such as Democratic Evaluation, Systematisation of Experiences, Most Significant Change, Collaborative Approaches to Evaluation and -of particular interest to us- Participatory Evaluation, all of which seek to increase the involvement of a range of social actors. These approaches reflect an emerging sensibility in the field of evaluation that seeks to capture stakeholder perspectives when it comes to assessing outcomes and impacts and attributing them (or not) to a particular intervention.
We describe an evaluation as participatory when the parties involved in a programme or project define what will be evaluated, what the objectives will be, when the evaluation will be carried out, what data collection and analytical methods will be used and how the results will be communicated. Thus, a participatory evaluation aims to encourage an active and conscious incorporation of the so-called key stakeholders that are linked to the intervention being evaluated. But who are these key stakeholders? How are they related to each other and to the programme or project? In this post, I will attempt to respond to these questions and at the same time present the working document ‘Key Stakeholder Mapping’ (KSM) which introduces this tool, which I consider to be useful in evaluations that value social inclusion and participation.
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